@ARTICLE {10049728, author = {C. Ebner and P. Mohr and T. Langlotz and Y. Peng and D. Schmalstieg and G. Wetzstein and D. Kalkofen}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics}, title = {Off-Axis Layered Displays: Hybrid Direct-View/Near-Eye Mixed Reality with Focus Cues}, year = {5555}, volume = {}, number = {01}, issn = {1941-0506}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {This work introduces off-axis layered displays, the first approach to stereoscopic direct-view displays with support for focus cues. Off-axis layered displays combine a head-mounted display with a traditional direct-view display for encoding a focal stack and thus, for providing focus cues. To explore the novel display architecture, we present a complete processing pipeline for the real-time computation and post-render warping of off-axis display patterns. In addition, we build two prototypes using a head-mounted display in combination with a stereoscopic direct-view display, and a more widely available monoscopic direct-view display. In addition we show how extending off-axis layered displays with an attenuation layer and with eye-tracking can improve image quality. We thoroughly analyze each component in a technical evaluation and present examples captured through our prototypes.}, keywords = {three-dimensional displays;two dimensional displays;resists;stereo image processing;prototypes;image color analysis;lenses}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2023.3247077}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, month = {feb} }